Habitable exoplanets

Habitable exoplanets orbit within a star’s habitable zone, where conditions allow liquid water to exist. The distance from the star dictates temperature—just like in our solar system, where Mercury is scorching, Mars is freezing, and Earth sits in the ideal sweet spot. Liquid water requires surface temperatures between roughly 0 and 100 °C under adequate atmospheric pressure. Chemical composition is equally vital. A planet needs a rocky surface and an atmosphere rich in elements like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, which serve as essential building blocks for life.