Confirmation of four exotic worlds and a hidden Neptune around nearby red dwarf stars

Star system: TOI 4336 A | Distance from the Sun: 73.2 light years

Astronomers using the high-precision ESPRESSO spectrograph have detailed two fascinating planetary systems orbiting small, cool red dwarf stars. Around the star TOI-4336 A, they found a rocky super-Earth and a gaseous sub-Neptune, the latter of which is a prime candidate for future atmospheric study. 

Meanwhile, the star TOI-4342 hosts two sub-Neptunes of nearly identical size but different densities, along with a newly detected third planet—a heavy 'Neptune-mass' candidate that doesn't pass directly in front of the star. These planets offer a unique opportunity to compare how different worlds form and evolve around stars much smaller and cooler than our Sun.

Scientific study

Densities of small planets around the M dwarfs TOI-4336 A and TOI-4342 with ESPRESSO: Three sub-Neptunes, one super-Earth, and a Neptune-mass candidate (external link)